Question

What is permanent hardness

Answer 1

Permanent hardness of water refers to the presence of dissolved minerals, such as calcium and magnesium, in the water supply. This type of hardness cannot be removed by boiling the water, as opposed to temporary hardness which can be removed through boiling. Permanent hardness is often caused by the presence of calcium and magnesium sulfate or chloride in the water source, and can lead to scaling in pipes and appliances. It is typically addressed through the use of water softeners or other treatment methods.