Question

A.DEFINE THE TERM MODE ADDRESSING METHODS
B OUTLINE THE FOLLOWING FEATURES OF NODE ADDRESSING METHODS.
A.CIRCUIT SWITCHING
B.MESSAGE SWITCHING
C.PACKET SWITCHING
D.FRAME RELAY
E.CELL RELAY

Answer 1

A. MODE ADDRESSING METHODS:
Mode addressing methods refer to the techniques used to specify the address of a node or destination in a communication network. This includes various methods such as circuit switching, message switching, packet switching, frame relay, and cell relay.

B. FEATURES OF NODE ADDRESSING METHODS:

A. Circuit Switching:
- In circuit switching, a dedicated communication path is established between the sender and receiver before any data transfer occurs.
- The path remains active for the duration of the communication session.
- Bandwidth is reserved for the entire duration of the communication, leading to guaranteed quality of service.
- Commonly used in telephony systems.

B. Message Switching:
- In message switching, messages are transmitted over the network individually without a dedicated path being established.
- Each message is stored and forwarded from node to node until it reaches its destination.
- This method is more flexible than circuit switching but can lead to delays and possible congestion in the network.

C. Packet Switching:
- In packet switching, data is divided into small packets that are transmitted independently over the network.
- Each packet may take a different route to reach the destination and may arrive out of order.
- The packets are reassembled at the receiver end before being delivered to the destination.
- This method is widely used in the Internet.

D. Frame Relay:
- Frame relay is a high-speed data transmission technology that operates at the data link layer of the OSI model.
- It uses virtual circuits to transmit data between network nodes.
- Frame relay is more efficient than traditional circuit-switched networks but may not provide the same level of reliability.

E. Cell Relay:
- Cell relay is a method of data transmission that breaks data into fixed-size cells for transmission over the network.
- It is often used in asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) networks.
- Cell relay provides a consistent and predictable data transfer rate, making it suitable for real-time applications.