Question

Assessment for learning definations by different scholars

Answer 1

1. Black and Wiliam (2009): Assessment for learning is a formative assessment process that involves ongoing assessment practices to provide feedback to both teachers and students in order to improve learning outcomes.

2. Stiggins (2002): Assessment for learning is the process of collecting and interpreting evidence to make judgments about student learning, with the goal of helping students improve their learning.

3. Wiliam (2011): Assessment for learning is a student-centered approach to assessment that focuses on how assessment can be used to enhance student learning, rather than simply measuring it.

4. Sadler (1989): Assessment for learning is an approach that facilitates students' self-assessment, peer-assessment, and teacher feedback to help them develop their understanding and skills.

5. Shepard (2000): Assessment for learning is a dynamic process where teachers use a variety of assessment tools and strategies to gather information about student learning, and then use that information to guide instruction and provide feedback to students.