1. Abiotic factors: Non-living components of an ecosystem, such as temperature, sunlight, water, soil, and air.
2. Biotic factors: Living components of an ecosystem, including plants, animals, fungi, bacteria, and other organisms.
3. Producers: Organisms that are able to make their own food through photosynthesis or chemosynthesis, such as plants, algae, and some bacteria.
4. Consumers: Organisms that rely on other organisms for food, such as herbivores, carnivores, omnivores, and decomposers.
5. Decomposers: Organisms that break down dead plant and animal matter into simple molecules that can be recycled by other organisms, such as fungi, bacteria, and some insects.
6. Nutrient cycles: Processes by which nutrients are recycled through an ecosystem, including the carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus cycles.
7. Energy flow: The transfer of energy through an ecosystem, from producers to consumers and decomposers, ultimately returning to the environment as heat.
8. Food web: A complex network of interconnected food chains that illustrates the relationships between different organisms in an ecosystem.
9. Habitat: The specific environment in which an organism lives, including its physical characteristics and the other organisms present.
10. Succession: The process of ecological change over time, as new species colonize a habitat and existing species interact and evolve.
List the components of element ecological system
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