Statistics Unit Test

1. What is the purpose of statistics?
a) To manipulate data
b) To summarize and analyze data
c) To predict future outcomes
d) To calculate probabilities

2. Which of the following is considered inferential statistics?
a) A bar graph displaying the number of students in each grade level
b) A pie chart showing the distribution of favorite colors among students
c) A hypothesis test comparing the mean scores of two groups
d) A line graph showing the increase in temperature over time

3. What is the difference between a parameter and a statistic?
a) A parameter is a numerical summary of a sample, while a statistic is a numerical summary of a population.
b) A parameter is a numerical summary of a population, while a statistic is a numerical summary of a sample.
c) A parameter is used in descriptive statistics, while a statistic is used in inferential statistics.
d) A parameter refers to categorical data, while a statistic refers to numerical data.

4. Which of the following measures of central tendency is most affected by outliers?
a) Mean
b) Median
c) Mode
d) Range

5. A correlation coefficient of -0.75 indicates:
a) A strong positive relationship between two variables
b) A weak positive relationship between two variables
c) A strong negative relationship between two variables
d) A weak negative relationship between two variables

6. In hypothesis testing, the null hypothesis is typically:
a) Rejected
b) Accepted
c) Not tested
d) Formulated based on prior research

7. What is the purpose of a confidence interval?
a) To determine the effect size
b) To estimate a range of values within which a population parameter is likely to fall
c) To establish causation
d) To compare two or more groups

8. Which of the following is not a measure of variability?
a) Standard deviation
b) Variance
c) Median
d) Range

9. What is the difference between descriptive and inferential statistics?
a) Descriptive statistics summarize data, while inferential statistics make predictions or inferences about a population based on sample data.
b) Descriptive statistics are used to analyze categorical data, while inferential statistics are used to analyze numerical data.
c) Descriptive statistics are only used in social sciences, while inferential statistics are used in natural sciences.
d) Descriptive statistics are always more accurate than inferential statistics.

10. What is the purpose of a hypothesis test?
a) To summarize data
b) To estimate the variability of a dataset
c) To compare two or more groups
d) To determine if there is enough evidence to reject a null hypothesis