The establishment of political parties is not explicitly mentioned in the U.S. Constitution. The Constitution does not reference political parties, which suggests that the Founding Fathers did not originally anticipate their development. However, political parties emerged in the early years of the republic, shaped by the differences in political philosophy and interests among the founders and subsequent politicians.
The Federalist Party and the Democratic-Republican Party were the first two major parties to develop in the late 18th century, driven by differing views on issues such as the power of the federal government, the economy, and foreign policy.
While the Constitution itself does not address political parties, it does provide the framework for a democratic system in which parties can exist and function, such as the processes for elections, representation, and governance. Additionally, the First Amendment protects the rights to free speech and assembly, which allows for the organization and operation of political parties.