1. Root system: Land plants have developed root systems to anchor themselves in the soil and absorb water and nutrients from the surrounding environment. The roots also help stabilize the plant and store food reserves.
2. Cuticle: Land plants have evolved a waxy cuticle on their leaves and stems to prevent water loss and protect themselves from desiccation in dry environments. This waterproof layer helps retain moisture and reduces the risk of dehydration.
3. Stomata: Land plants have specialized pores called stomata on their leaves that regulate gas exchange, allowing them to take in carbon dioxide for photosynthesis while also controlling water vapor loss through transpiration. This adaptation helps plants maintain a balance between gas exchange and water conservation.
4. Vascular system: Land plants have developed a vascular system that consists of xylem and phloem to transport water, nutrients, and sugars throughout the plant. This adaptation allows land plants to grow taller and support themselves against gravity, as well as distribute resources efficiently to different parts of the plant.
Four keys adaptation for plants living on land
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