believed that God predetermines who will be saved.

Answer 1

This belief is known as predestination or double predestination. It is a theological doctrine primarily associated with Calvinism, a branch of Protestant Christianity that teaches that God has already determined who will be saved and who will be damned. This belief is based on the idea that God is sovereign and has complete control over all aspects of the universe, including the salvation of individuals. Proponents of predestination argue that God's decision on salvation is based on his own will and not on any merit or action of human beings. Critics of predestination argue that it goes against the idea of free will and raises questions about the nature of God's justice and mercy.