Hunter-gatherer society:
1. Social structure: Hunter-gatherer societies typically had a more egalitarian social structure, with less hierarchy and division of labor among members. Everyone contributed to gathering food and resources for the group.
2. Mobility: Hunter-gatherer societies were nomadic and followed the migration patterns of animals and seasonal availability of plants. This lifestyle required constant movement in search of food sources.
Agricultural society:
1. Social structure: Agricultural societies tend to have more complex social structures with a division of labor, specialization of roles, and hierarchy. There may be distinct social classes based on occupation or wealth.
2. Settlement: Agricultural societies settled in one place to cultivate crops and domesticate animals. This led to the development of permanent settlements, allowing for the accumulation of surplus food and resources.
Shift from hunter-gatherer to agriculture:
1. Increased food security: Agriculture provided a more consistent and reliable food source compared to hunting and foraging. This stability in food supply increased the probability of survival and reproduction for individuals in agricultural societies.
2. Population growth: With the ability to produce surplus food, agricultural societies could support larger populations. This led to increased opportunities for reproduction and the expansion of the community.