Question

.2.2 Describe the mechanism of the functioning of part guard cells and give a reason why the plant
benefits from it.

Answer 1

Guard cells are specialized cells found in the epidermis of leaves that regulate the opening and closing of stomata, small pores that allow for gas exchange between the plant and the environment.

The mechanism of functioning of guard cells involves changes in their shape and turgor pressure. When the guard cells are turgid (filled with water), they become swollen and bow outwards, causing the stomatal pore to open. This allows for the exchange of gases such as oxygen and carbon dioxide, as well as the release of excess water vapor through transpiration.

Conversely, when the guard cells lose water and become flaccid, they shrink and the stomatal pore closes. This helps conserve water and reduce transpiration, especially during times of drought or high temperatures when water loss needs to be minimized.

The plant benefits from the functioning of guard cells as it allows for the regulation of gas exchange and water loss. By controlling the opening and closing of stomata, guard cells help the plant maintain optimal levels of carbon dioxide for photosynthesis while preventing excessive water loss. This helps the plant survive in various environmental conditions and maintain its overall health and growth.