The study of interactions between the various organisms and abiotic components in a particular environment.

This study is known as ecology. Ecologists examine how different species within an ecosystem interact with each other and with their physical surroundings, such as soil, water, and climate. By understanding these interactions, ecologists can better predict how changes in one part of an ecosystem may impact other parts, and how interventions or changes in one area may affect the entire system. Ecology plays a crucial role in conservation efforts, environmental management, and understanding the complexity of natural systems.