Refraction
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Refraction is the bending of light as it passes from one medium to another with a different optical density. This bending of light is caused by a change in the speed of light as it travels through different materials. The amount of bending depends on the angle at which the light enters the new medium and the difference in optical density between the two materials. This phenomenon is commonly observed in everyday situations, such as the bending of light through a glass of water or a lens in a camera.