Question

Describe CLL with its cardinal signs and symptoms on history and physical examination

Answer 1

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is a type of cancer that starts in the cells of the bone marrow and affects the blood and lymphatic system. The cardinal signs and symptoms of CLL include:

1. Enlarged lymph nodes: You may notice swollen lymph nodes in your neck, armpits, or groin that are painless to touch.

2. Fatigue: Many people with CLL experience extreme tiredness and weakness, which can interfere with daily activities.

3. Easy bruising or bleeding: The abnormal increase in white blood cells can interfere with the body's ability to form blood clots, leading to easy bruising or bleeding.

4. Infections: CLL weakens the immune system, making individuals more susceptible to infections that can be difficult to fight off.

5. Abdominal swelling: Enlarged spleen or liver can cause discomfort or fullness in the abdomen.

During a physical examination, a healthcare provider may also observe signs such as pallor, enlarged liver or spleen, and easy bleeding or bruising. Blood tests can show an abnormal increase in white blood cells, low levels of red blood cells (anemia), and low platelet counts.

It is essential to consult a healthcare provider if you experience any of the signs and symptoms of CLL for an accurate diagnosis and timely treatment.