Question

Considering the kelp forest as an example of an ecosystem network, which of the organisms might play a more crucial role than others, and serve as the keystone species?

Answer 1

In the kelp forest ecosystem, the Californian sea otter (Enhydra lutris) is often considered a keystone species. Sea otters play a crucial role in the kelp forest by controlling the population of sea urchins (Strongylocentrotus spp.). Sea urchins feed on kelp, and when their population becomes unchecked, they can overgraze and destroy entire kelp forests. However, sea otters actively prey on sea urchins, keeping their population in check and allowing kelp forests to thrive. By regulating the sea urchin population, sea otters indirectly benefit other species that depend on kelp, such as fish and invertebrates. Therefore, sea otters serve as a keystone species by exerting a disproportionate impact on the structure and function of the kelp forest ecosystem.