How did the Greek culture influence the development of the Roman republic? How did the Etruscan culture influence the development of the Roman republic? (4 points)

Answer 1

1. Greek influence on the Roman Republic:
- The Romans heavily borrowed from Greek culture, including architecture, literature, philosophy, and art. They adopted Greek architectural styles, such as columns and arches, and incorporated them into their own buildings, such as temples and public structures.
- Greek literature, especially the works of Homer, had a significant impact on Roman literature. Roman authors, like Virgil, modeled their epic poems after Greek ones and incorporated similar themes and storytelling techniques.
- Roman philosophers, such as Stoics and Epicureans, were heavily influenced by Greek philosophy. Greek ideas on ethics, morality, and philosophical thought shaped the Roman worldview and intellectual discourse.
- Greek art and sculpture also influenced Roman artistic practices. Roman artists mimicked the style and techniques of Greek masters, creating their own versions of famous Greek sculptures.

2. Etruscan influence on the Roman Republic:
- The Etruscans were an ancient civilization that inhabited the Italian peninsula before the rise of Rome. They had a significant influence on the development of Roman architecture, urban planning, and engineering. The Romans adopted Etruscan architectural elements, such as the use of arches and vaults, in their construction projects.
- The Etruscans also influenced Roman religious practices, such as the interpretation of lightning and birds as omens. They introduced the Romans to the concept of divination through animal sacrifice and established religious rituals that were eventually absorbed into Roman culture.
- Etruscan influence can also be seen in Roman military tactics and weapons. The Romans adopted the Etruscan style of warfare, which incorporated the use of hoplites, heavy infantry, and manipular formations.
- The Etruscan alphabet and writing system influenced the development of the Latin alphabet, ultimately becoming the basis for the modern Western alphabets.

Answer 2

How did the Etruscan culture influence the development of the Roman republic? (4 points)

Answer 3

1. Architecture and urban planning: The Etruscans influenced Roman architecture by introducing the use of arches and vaults. They also influenced the layout and design of Roman cities, including the implementation of grid patterns and the construction of complex drainage systems.

2. Religion and mythological beliefs: The Romans adopted and incorporated many Etruscan religious practices and beliefs into their own culture. Etruscan divination methods, such as interpreting thunder and lightning, were assimilated into Roman religious practices. The Romans also adopted Etruscan deities, such as Apollo and Minerva, into their pantheon.

3. Language and writing: The Etruscan alphabet, known as the Etruscan script, influenced the development of the Latin alphabet used by the Romans. The Romans modified the Etruscan alphabet, adapting it to their own linguistic needs and eventually creating the basis for the modern Western alphabets.

4. Military tactics and weapons: The Etruscans influenced Roman military tactics and weaponry. The Romans adopted the Etruscan system of warfare, which included the use of heavy infantry, hoplites, and manipular formations. The Etruscans also introduced the Romans to advanced military technologies, such as the use of iron weapons and the scutum (a rectangular shield).