The relationship between the state of matter of water (gas, liquid, solid) and the motion of the water molecules can be described as follows:
In the gas state, the water molecules have high kinetic energy and are moving rapidly in random directions. They are not strongly attracted to each other, and the intermolecular forces are relatively weak. As a result, water molecules in the gas state are far apart and move freely.
In the liquid state, the water molecules still possess kinetic energy and are in constant motion, but this motion is more restricted compared to the gas state. The intermolecular forces between water molecules are stronger in the liquid state, allowing them to come closer together but still maintaining some freedom of movement. The molecules in a liquid continuously collide with and slide past each other, leading to the fluidity and the ability to flow.
In the solid state, such as ice, the water molecules have the least amount of kinetic energy and are held tightly in a fixed position within a lattice structure. The intermolecular forces in solids are very strong, causing the water molecules to vibrate around their fixed positions. While they are not free to move like in the liquid state, they can still undergo small oscillations. This lack of movement and the ordered arrangement of water molecules in a solid give it a definite shape and volume.
Overall, the relationship between the state of matter and the motion of water molecules is determined by the energy they possess and the intermolecular forces acting between them. Higher energy results in a gas state with fast and random motion, while lower energy and stronger intermolecular forces lead to a liquid state with more constrained movement. In the solid state, water molecules have the least amount of energy and are held in a rigid structure.
Describe the relationship between the state of matter of water (gas, liquid, solid) and the motion of the water molecules.
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