To configure the specified pins as inputs and outputs, you can use the STM32Cube HAL library functions. Here's an example program:
```c
#include "stm32f4xx_hal.h"
void GPIO_Init(void);
int main(void)
{
HAL_Init();
GPIO_Init();
while (1)
{
// Read the state of the switch on PA0
if (HAL_GPIO_ReadPin(GPIOA, GPIO_PIN_0) == GPIO_PIN_SET)
{
// Switch is pressed, turn on LED on PG13 and turn off LED on PG14
HAL_GPIO_WritePin(GPIOG, GPIO_PIN_13, GPIO_PIN_SET);
HAL_GPIO_WritePin(GPIOG, GPIO_PIN_14, GPIO_PIN_RESET);
}
else
{
// Switch is not pressed, turn off LED on PG13 and turn on LED on PG14
HAL_GPIO_WritePin(GPIOG, GPIO_PIN_13, GPIO_PIN_RESET);
HAL_GPIO_WritePin(GPIOG, GPIO_PIN_14, GPIO_PIN_SET);
}
}
}
void GPIO_Init(void)
{
GPIO_InitTypeDef GPIO_InitStruct;
// Enable GPIO clocks for Ports A and G
__HAL_RCC_GPIOA_CLK_ENABLE();
__HAL_RCC_GPIOG_CLK_ENABLE();
// Configure PA0 as input pull-up
GPIO_InitStruct.Pin = GPIO_PIN_0;
GPIO_InitStruct.Mode = GPIO_MODE_INPUT;
GPIO_InitStruct.Pull = GPIO_PULLUP;
HAL_GPIO_Init(GPIOA, &GPIO_InitStruct);
// Configure PG13 and PG14 as outputs
GPIO_InitStruct.Pin = GPIO_PIN_13 | GPIO_PIN_14;
GPIO_InitStruct.Mode = GPIO_MODE_OUTPUT_PP;
GPIO_InitStruct.Pull = GPIO_NOPULL;
GPIO_InitStruct.Speed = GPIO_SPEED_FREQ_LOW;
HAL_GPIO_Init(GPIOG, &GPIO_InitStruct);
}
```
Make sure to include the necessary header files (`stm32f4xx_hal.h` in this case) and modify the code accordingly based on your microcontroller and pin configurations.
1. Configure pins PG13 and PG14 as outputs and pin PA0 as input. Write a program to check the
status of the switch and indicate the status with LEDs. When the switch connected to PA0 is
pressed the LED connected to PG13 should be ON and LED connected to PG14 should be OFF,
otherwise the LED connected to PG13 should be OFF and LED connected to PG14 should be ON.
LEDs are connected as shown in figure 1. Switch connected to PA0 is active-high
11 answers
2. Modify your program so that while the switch connected to PA0 is not pressed the LED connected to PG13 is OFF and the LED connected to PG14 toggles with the specified period T1. While the switch is pressed the LED connected to PG14 is turned OFF and the LED connected to PG13 toggles with the specified period T2.
T1 = 500ms
T2 = 100ms
T1 = 500ms
T2 = 100ms
To modify the program to toggle the LEDs with different periods based on the state of the switch, you can use a timer interrupt to handle the toggling. Here's an example program:
```c
#include "stm32f4xx_hal.h"
void GPIO_Init(void);
void TIM_Init(void);
int main(void)
{
HAL_Init();
GPIO_Init();
TIM_Init();
while (1)
{
// Check the state of the switch on PA0
if (HAL_GPIO_ReadPin(GPIOA, GPIO_PIN_0) == GPIO_PIN_SET)
{
// Switch is pressed, turn off LED on PG14 and toggle LED on PG13 with T2 period
HAL_GPIO_WritePin(GPIOG, GPIO_PIN_14, GPIO_PIN_RESET);
HAL_Delay(100); // T2 period
HAL_GPIO_TogglePin(GPIOG, GPIO_PIN_13);
HAL_Delay(100); // T2 period
}
else
{
// Switch is not pressed, turn off LED on PG13 and toggle LED on PG14 with T1 period
HAL_GPIO_WritePin(GPIOG, GPIO_PIN_13, GPIO_PIN_RESET);
HAL_Delay(500); // T1 period
HAL_GPIO_TogglePin(GPIOG, GPIO_PIN_14);
HAL_Delay(500); // T1 period
}
}
}
void GPIO_Init(void)
{
GPIO_InitTypeDef GPIO_InitStruct;
// Enable GPIO clocks for Ports A and G
__HAL_RCC_GPIOA_CLK_ENABLE();
__HAL_RCC_GPIOG_CLK_ENABLE();
// Configure PA0 as input pull-up
GPIO_InitStruct.Pin = GPIO_PIN_0;
GPIO_InitStruct.Mode = GPIO_MODE_INPUT;
GPIO_InitStruct.Pull = GPIO_PULLUP;
HAL_GPIO_Init(GPIOA, &GPIO_InitStruct);
// Configure PG13 and PG14 as outputs
GPIO_InitStruct.Pin = GPIO_PIN_13 | GPIO_PIN_14;
GPIO_InitStruct.Mode = GPIO_MODE_OUTPUT_PP;
GPIO_InitStruct.Pull = GPIO_NOPULL;
GPIO_InitStruct.Speed = GPIO_SPEED_FREQ_LOW;
HAL_GPIO_Init(GPIOG, &GPIO_InitStruct);
}
void TIM_Init(void)
{
TIM_HandleTypeDef htim;
// Enable TIM2 clock
__HAL_RCC_TIM2_CLK_ENABLE();
// Configure TIM2 for interrupt-based toggling
htim.Instance = TIM2;
htim.Init.Prescaler = 8400 - 1; // 1ms tick
htim.Init.CounterMode = TIM_COUNTERMODE_UP;
htim.Init.Period = 500 - 1; // T1 period (500ms)
htim.Init.ClockDivision = TIM_CLOCKDIVISION_DIV1;
HAL_TIM_Base_Init(&htim);
// Enable TIM2 interrupt
HAL_NVIC_SetPriority(TIM2_IRQn, 0, 0);
HAL_NVIC_EnableIRQ(TIM2_IRQn);
// Start the timer
HAL_TIM_Base_Start_IT(&htim);
}
void TIM2_IRQHandler(void)
{
// Clear the interrupt flag
HAL_TIM_IRQHandler(&htim);
// Toggle the LED on PG14
HAL_GPIO_TogglePin(GPIOG, GPIO_PIN_14);
}
```
Again, make sure to include the necessary header files (`stm32f4xx_hal.h` and `stm32f4xx_hal_tim.h` in this case) and modify the code accordingly based on your microcontroller and pin configurations.
```c
#include "stm32f4xx_hal.h"
void GPIO_Init(void);
void TIM_Init(void);
int main(void)
{
HAL_Init();
GPIO_Init();
TIM_Init();
while (1)
{
// Check the state of the switch on PA0
if (HAL_GPIO_ReadPin(GPIOA, GPIO_PIN_0) == GPIO_PIN_SET)
{
// Switch is pressed, turn off LED on PG14 and toggle LED on PG13 with T2 period
HAL_GPIO_WritePin(GPIOG, GPIO_PIN_14, GPIO_PIN_RESET);
HAL_Delay(100); // T2 period
HAL_GPIO_TogglePin(GPIOG, GPIO_PIN_13);
HAL_Delay(100); // T2 period
}
else
{
// Switch is not pressed, turn off LED on PG13 and toggle LED on PG14 with T1 period
HAL_GPIO_WritePin(GPIOG, GPIO_PIN_13, GPIO_PIN_RESET);
HAL_Delay(500); // T1 period
HAL_GPIO_TogglePin(GPIOG, GPIO_PIN_14);
HAL_Delay(500); // T1 period
}
}
}
void GPIO_Init(void)
{
GPIO_InitTypeDef GPIO_InitStruct;
// Enable GPIO clocks for Ports A and G
__HAL_RCC_GPIOA_CLK_ENABLE();
__HAL_RCC_GPIOG_CLK_ENABLE();
// Configure PA0 as input pull-up
GPIO_InitStruct.Pin = GPIO_PIN_0;
GPIO_InitStruct.Mode = GPIO_MODE_INPUT;
GPIO_InitStruct.Pull = GPIO_PULLUP;
HAL_GPIO_Init(GPIOA, &GPIO_InitStruct);
// Configure PG13 and PG14 as outputs
GPIO_InitStruct.Pin = GPIO_PIN_13 | GPIO_PIN_14;
GPIO_InitStruct.Mode = GPIO_MODE_OUTPUT_PP;
GPIO_InitStruct.Pull = GPIO_NOPULL;
GPIO_InitStruct.Speed = GPIO_SPEED_FREQ_LOW;
HAL_GPIO_Init(GPIOG, &GPIO_InitStruct);
}
void TIM_Init(void)
{
TIM_HandleTypeDef htim;
// Enable TIM2 clock
__HAL_RCC_TIM2_CLK_ENABLE();
// Configure TIM2 for interrupt-based toggling
htim.Instance = TIM2;
htim.Init.Prescaler = 8400 - 1; // 1ms tick
htim.Init.CounterMode = TIM_COUNTERMODE_UP;
htim.Init.Period = 500 - 1; // T1 period (500ms)
htim.Init.ClockDivision = TIM_CLOCKDIVISION_DIV1;
HAL_TIM_Base_Init(&htim);
// Enable TIM2 interrupt
HAL_NVIC_SetPriority(TIM2_IRQn, 0, 0);
HAL_NVIC_EnableIRQ(TIM2_IRQn);
// Start the timer
HAL_TIM_Base_Start_IT(&htim);
}
void TIM2_IRQHandler(void)
{
// Clear the interrupt flag
HAL_TIM_IRQHandler(&htim);
// Toggle the LED on PG14
HAL_GPIO_TogglePin(GPIOG, GPIO_PIN_14);
}
```
Again, make sure to include the necessary header files (`stm32f4xx_hal.h` and `stm32f4xx_hal_tim.h` in this case) and modify the code accordingly based on your microcontroller and pin configurations.
3. Assuming that GPIOA pins have been configured as outputs determine the status of LED0 (ON or
OFF) after the following code fragment:
GPIOA->ODR = DAT0;
LED0 would be:
OFF) after the following code fragment:
GPIOA->ODR = DAT0;
LED0 would be:
To determine the status of LED0 (connected to GPIOA pin) after the code fragment `GPIOA->ODR = DAT0;`, we need to know the value of `DAT0` and the configuration of the GPIOA pins.
If `DAT0` is defined as a single bit value (such as 0 or 1), then the code fragment will set the state of the GPIOA pins according to that bit value. For example, if `DAT0` is defined as `#define DAT0 1`, then the code fragment will set the GPIOA pins to HIGH or ON state.
If `DAT0` is defined as a bitmask (such as `0x01` or `0b00000001`), then the code fragment will set the specific pin(s) according to the bitmask. For example, if `DAT0` is defined as `#define DAT0 0x01`, then only the first pin of GPIOA (LED0) will be set to HIGH or ON state.
Therefore, depending on the value of `DAT0` and the specific pin configuration of GPIOA, LED0 will be ON or OFF accordingly.
If `DAT0` is defined as a single bit value (such as 0 or 1), then the code fragment will set the state of the GPIOA pins according to that bit value. For example, if `DAT0` is defined as `#define DAT0 1`, then the code fragment will set the GPIOA pins to HIGH or ON state.
If `DAT0` is defined as a bitmask (such as `0x01` or `0b00000001`), then the code fragment will set the specific pin(s) according to the bitmask. For example, if `DAT0` is defined as `#define DAT0 0x01`, then only the first pin of GPIOA (LED0) will be set to HIGH or ON state.
Therefore, depending on the value of `DAT0` and the specific pin configuration of GPIOA, LED0 will be ON or OFF accordingly.
3. Assuming that GPIOA pins have been configured as outputs determine the status of LED0 (ON or OFF) after the following code fragment:
GPIOA->ODR = DAT0;
DAT0 is 0x0020.
LED0 would be:
GPIOA->ODR = DAT0;
DAT0 is 0x0020.
LED0 would be:
If `DAT0` is defined as `0x0020`, it represents a bitmask with only the 6th bit (bit 5) set to 1.
Assuming that GPIOA pins have been configured as outputs and `GPIOA->ODR = DAT0;` is executed, it means that only the 6th pin of GPIOA will be set to HIGH or ON state, while all other pins will remain in their previous states.
Therefore, if LED0 is connected to the 6th pin of GPIOA, it will be ON after executing the code fragment `GPIOA->ODR = DAT0;`.
Assuming that GPIOA pins have been configured as outputs and `GPIOA->ODR = DAT0;` is executed, it means that only the 6th pin of GPIOA will be set to HIGH or ON state, while all other pins will remain in their previous states.
Therefore, if LED0 is connected to the 6th pin of GPIOA, it will be ON after executing the code fragment `GPIOA->ODR = DAT0;`.
3. Assuming that GPIOA pins have been configured as outputs determine the status of LED0 (ON or OFF) after the following code fragment:
GPIOA->ODR = DAT0;
DAT0 is 0x0020.
LED0 would be ON or OFF?
GPIOA->ODR = DAT0;
DAT0 is 0x0020.
LED0 would be ON or OFF?
Assuming that GPIOA pins have been configured as outputs and `GPIOA->ODR = DAT0;` is executed, and DAT0 is defined as 0x0020, the 6th pin (bit position 5) of GPIOA will be set to a high voltage level (1).
Therefore, LED0, which is connected to the 6th pin of GPIOA, will be ON.
Therefore, LED0, which is connected to the 6th pin of GPIOA, will be ON.
4. Switches and LEDs are connected as shown in Figure 2 (SW1 is pressed). Assume that GPIOA
pins have been configured as outputs and GPIOB pins have been configured as inputs. Determine
the status of LED1 (ON or OFF) after the following code fragment:
GPIOA->ODR = 0x0000;
if((GPIOB->IDR & MASK1) == 0)
{
GPIOA->BSRR = DAT1;
}
MASK1 is 0x0810
DAT1 is 0x00000220
pins have been configured as outputs and GPIOB pins have been configured as inputs. Determine
the status of LED1 (ON or OFF) after the following code fragment:
GPIOA->ODR = 0x0000;
if((GPIOB->IDR & MASK1) == 0)
{
GPIOA->BSRR = DAT1;
}
MASK1 is 0x0810
DAT1 is 0x00000220
Based on the given code fragment, GPIOA pins have been configured as outputs and GPIOB pins have been configured as inputs. Let's analyze the code to determine the status of LED1 after the execution:
1. `GPIOA->ODR = 0x0000;` sets all pins of GPIOA to a low voltage level (0).
2. `(GPIOB->IDR & MASK1) == 0` checks if a bitwise AND operation between the input data register of GPIOB and MASK1 results in zero.
3. `MASK1` is defined as `0x0810`, which is a bitmask with the 12th, 9th, and 4th bits set to 1.
4. `GPIOB->IDR` reads the current state of the input pins on GPIOB.
5. `(GPIOB->IDR & MASK1)` performs a bitwise AND operation between the input state and the bitmask.
6. If the result of the bitwise AND is zero (i.e., `(GPIOB->IDR & MASK1) == 0` evaluates to true), the following code block will be executed.
7. `DAT1` is defined as `0x00000220`, which is a bitmask with the 9th, 6th, and 5th bits set to 1.
8. `GPIOA->BSRR = DAT1;` sets the specified bits in GPIOA to a high voltage level (1) using the bit set/reset register.
Since SW1 is pressed, which corresponds to bit 12 of GPIOB being set to 1, `(GPIOB->IDR & MASK1)` will evaluate to a nonzero value. As a result, the code block within the if statement will not be executed. Therefore, `GPIOA->BSRR = DAT1;` will not be executed, and LED1 will remain in its previous state.
Based on the given information, the status of LED1 cannot be determined without knowing its initial state.
1. `GPIOA->ODR = 0x0000;` sets all pins of GPIOA to a low voltage level (0).
2. `(GPIOB->IDR & MASK1) == 0` checks if a bitwise AND operation between the input data register of GPIOB and MASK1 results in zero.
3. `MASK1` is defined as `0x0810`, which is a bitmask with the 12th, 9th, and 4th bits set to 1.
4. `GPIOB->IDR` reads the current state of the input pins on GPIOB.
5. `(GPIOB->IDR & MASK1)` performs a bitwise AND operation between the input state and the bitmask.
6. If the result of the bitwise AND is zero (i.e., `(GPIOB->IDR & MASK1) == 0` evaluates to true), the following code block will be executed.
7. `DAT1` is defined as `0x00000220`, which is a bitmask with the 9th, 6th, and 5th bits set to 1.
8. `GPIOA->BSRR = DAT1;` sets the specified bits in GPIOA to a high voltage level (1) using the bit set/reset register.
Since SW1 is pressed, which corresponds to bit 12 of GPIOB being set to 1, `(GPIOB->IDR & MASK1)` will evaluate to a nonzero value. As a result, the code block within the if statement will not be executed. Therefore, `GPIOA->BSRR = DAT1;` will not be executed, and LED1 will remain in its previous state.
Based on the given information, the status of LED1 cannot be determined without knowing its initial state.
1 answer