Question
Mitosis review
Answers
GPT 3.5
Mitosis is a process of cell division that occurs in the somatic cells of an organism. It is a fundamental process for growth, development, and repair of tissues. Here is a brief review of mitosis:
1. Interphase: This is the first and longest phase of the cell cycle, during which the cell prepares for division. The cell duplicates its DNA (replication) and organelles, and continues with normal cellular functions.
2. Prophase: In this phase, the chromatin condenses to form visible chromosomes. The nuclear envelope breaks down, and the spindle apparatus forms.
3. Prometaphase: The nuclear envelope completely dissolves, and the spindle fibers attach to the condensed chromosomes at their centromeres.
4. Metaphase: The chromosomes align at the equatorial plane (metaphase plate) of the cell. The spindle fibers from both poles attach to the sister chromatids of each chromosome.
5. Anaphase: The sister chromatids separate and are pulled towards opposite poles of the cell by the shortening of the spindle fibers. Each chromatid is now considered an individual chromosome.
6. Telophase: The chromosomes reach the poles of the cell and begin to decondense. A new nuclear envelope forms around each set of chromosomes.
7. Cytokinesis: This is the final stage of mitosis, where the cytoplasm of the cell divides into two daughter cells. In animal cells, a cleavage furrow forms, and the cell pinches in half. In plant cells, a cell plate forms between the two nuclei, which eventually grows and fuses to form a new cell wall.
Mitosis ensures that each daughter cell receives a complete set of chromosomes, identical to that of the parent cell. It is essential for growth, tissue repair, and the maintenance of a constant number of chromosomes in the body.
1. Interphase: This is the first and longest phase of the cell cycle, during which the cell prepares for division. The cell duplicates its DNA (replication) and organelles, and continues with normal cellular functions.
2. Prophase: In this phase, the chromatin condenses to form visible chromosomes. The nuclear envelope breaks down, and the spindle apparatus forms.
3. Prometaphase: The nuclear envelope completely dissolves, and the spindle fibers attach to the condensed chromosomes at their centromeres.
4. Metaphase: The chromosomes align at the equatorial plane (metaphase plate) of the cell. The spindle fibers from both poles attach to the sister chromatids of each chromosome.
5. Anaphase: The sister chromatids separate and are pulled towards opposite poles of the cell by the shortening of the spindle fibers. Each chromatid is now considered an individual chromosome.
6. Telophase: The chromosomes reach the poles of the cell and begin to decondense. A new nuclear envelope forms around each set of chromosomes.
7. Cytokinesis: This is the final stage of mitosis, where the cytoplasm of the cell divides into two daughter cells. In animal cells, a cleavage furrow forms, and the cell pinches in half. In plant cells, a cell plate forms between the two nuclei, which eventually grows and fuses to form a new cell wall.
Mitosis ensures that each daughter cell receives a complete set of chromosomes, identical to that of the parent cell. It is essential for growth, tissue repair, and the maintenance of a constant number of chromosomes in the body.