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To find the marginal demand, we need to find the derivative of the demand function with respect to price (p):
D'(p) = -8p + 8
To estimate the change in demand when the price is increased by one dollar, we plug in the current price into the derivative:
D'(19) = -8(19) + 8
= -152 + 8
= -144
Therefore, the marginal demand when the price is $19 is -144. This means that for every one dollar increase in price, the demand for the item is expected to decrease by approximately 144 units.