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To find the rate of change (m), we need to calculate the difference in y-values divided by the difference in x-values.
Using the table, we can see that the difference in y-values is 8 - 4 = 4, and the difference in x-values is -3 - 1 = -4.
So, the rate of change is m = 4 / -4 = -1.
To find the initial value (b), we can use the formula y = mx + b and substitute the values from one of the points. Let's use the point (1, 4).
4 = -1 * 1 + b
4 = -1 + b
b = 4 + 1
b = 5
Therefore, the initial value is b = 5.
The rate of change is m = -1, and the initial value is b = 5.