The old Paul effect of the five amendments was to extend the vote to African Americans and newly freed slaves. These amendments are:
1. The 13th Amendment (1865): Abolished slavery and involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for a crime.
2. The 14th Amendment (1868): Granted citizenship to all individuals born or naturalized in the United States, including former slaves, and guaranteed equal protection under the law.
3. The 15th Amendment (1870): Prohibited the denial of the right to vote based on race, color, or previous condition of servitude.
4. The 19th Amendment (1920): Gave women the right to vote, effectively extending suffrage to all women in the United States.
5. The 24th Amendment (1964): Outlawed the use of poll taxes as a requirement for voting in federal elections, removing one barrier that disproportionately affected African Americans.
The old Paul effect of the five amendment was to extend the vote to what
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