Why we need a program? according in extension planning? within introduction, conclusion and reference.

Answer 1

Introduction:
Programs are essential in extension planning as they provide a structured and organized approach towards addressing specific objectives or goals. With the increasing complexity of issues faced by communities and organizations, a program helps to ensure that resources and efforts are utilized effectively and efficiently.

Body:

1. Structured Approach: A program provides a systematic framework to guide extension planning efforts. It outlines the sequence of activities, sets clear objectives, and establishes timelines and milestones. This structure ensures that all necessary steps are followed in a logical and coherent manner, preventing confusion and haphazard decision-making.

2. Resource Allocation: Extension planning often involves the allocation of limited resources, such as time, personnel, and finances. A program helps in prioritizing and allocating these resources according to the needs and goals identified in the planning process. This ensures that resources are used in a targeted and optimal manner, maximizing the impact of the extension activities.

3. Accountability and Monitoring: A program establishes clear responsibilities and accountability mechanisms for individuals or teams involved in the implementation of extension activities. It allows for effective monitoring and evaluation of progress, enabling timely adjustments or improvements in the program. Regular monitoring also helps in identifying challenges and identifying areas where additional support may be needed.

4. Stakeholder Engagement: Extension planning involves multiple stakeholders, including government agencies, community members, and other organizations. A program facilitates effective communication and coordination among these stakeholders by providing a common framework and shared understanding of goals and objectives. It helps in aligning efforts, minimizing duplication, and maximizing synergy among different stakeholders.

Conclusion:
In conclusion, a program is crucial in extension planning as it provides a structured approach, facilitates resource allocation, ensures accountability and monitoring, and enhances stakeholder engagement. By implementing a well-designed program, extension planners can effectively address the needs and aspirations of communities and organizations, leading to positive and sustainable outcomes.

References:
- Atkinson, N., & Jabareen, Y. (2019). Local Extension Planning for Sustainable Rural Development: An Integrated Approach. Sustainability, 11(14), 3833.
- Emmerson, K., & Søgaard Jørgensen, M. (2018). The Design and Implementation of Extension Programs: Lessons From a Review of Agricultural, Health and Tourism Extension in Low and Middle-Income Countries. World Development Perspectives, 10, 43-50.
- FAO. (2018). Extension Manual: Agricultural Extension and Rural Development Planning. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.