Question

This = adjective
sharply = adverb
through = preposition
and = conjunction
tissue = noun
to = preposition
transverse = adjective
ligament = noun
carpal = adjective
was incised = verb
carefully = adjective
push = verb
technique = noun more info on next question

Answer 1

Please post the sentence. Words are used as different parts of speech, depending upon the context.

Answer 2

Here are some examples. "Push" can be verb or noun depending on the context. "Tissue" can be noun or adjective.

Words with "ly" ending tend to be adverbs. (Notice that here "ending" is a noun, but it could be a verb or adjective.)

I hope this helps. Thanks for asking.