What types of structures form at divergent boundaries

Answer 1

At divergent boundaries, two tectonic plates move away from each other. This movement results in the formation of several types of structures:

1. Rift Valleys: As the two plates separate, a long, narrow depression called a rift valley forms. This is often accompanied by volcanic activity and the release of magma from the Earth's mantle. The East African Rift Valley is a famous example.

2. Mid-Ocean Ridges: When divergent boundaries occur beneath the ocean, mid-ocean ridges are formed. These are underwater mountain ranges where new oceanic crust is created through volcanic activity and seafloor spreading. The Mid-Atlantic Ridge is an example of a mid-ocean ridge.

3. Fissures and Fissure Dikes: As the plates move apart, cracks called fissures develop in the Earth's crust. Magma from the mantle can then rise through these fissures, resulting in the formation of vertical rock formations called fissure dikes.

4. Volcanoes: Divergent boundaries are often associated with volcanic activity. As the plates separate, magma rises to the surface and erupts, forming volcanoes. Iceland, located on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, is known for its numerous volcanic eruptions.

5. Hydrothermal Vents: Along mid-ocean ridges, where hot magma rises and comes into contact with seawater, hydrothermal vents can also form. These vents emit hot, mineral-rich fluids, creating unique ecosystems that support a variety of organisms.

These structures are all formed due to the pulling apart of tectonic plates at divergent boundaries.