Carbonic acid, H2CO3(aq), is a chemical substance which plays an important role in controlling the pH of body fluids. In aqueous solution it produces HCO3–(aq) and CO32–(aq) as shown below.

H2CO3(aq) + H2O(l) → H3O+(aq) + HCO3– (aq)
HCO3–(aq) + H2O(l) → H3O+(aq) + CO32– (aq)

The overall reaction can be written as the sum of the two reactions:
H2CO3 (aq) + 2H2O(l) → 2H3O+(aq) + CO32-(aq)

The concentration of the following substances involved in the reaction are:
[H3O+(aq)] = a mol/L
[CO32–(aq)] = b mol/L
[H2CO3(aq)] = c mol/L

The equilibrium constant for the overall reaction is:

3 answers

K = [H3O+]^2[CO32-]/[H2CO3]

Since the reaction is in equilibrium, the concentrations of the species involved will be constant. Therefore, we can write:

K = (a^2)(b)/(c)

where:
K is the equilibrium constant
a is the concentration of H3O+ in mol/L
b is the concentration of CO32- in mol/L
c is the concentration of H2CO3 in mol/L
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The equilibrium constant for the overall reaction can be determined by multiplying the equilibrium constants of the individual reactions.

The equilibrium constant for the first reaction is:

K1 = [HCO3-][H3O+]/[H2CO3]

The equilibrium constant for the second reaction is:

K2 = [CO32-][H3O+]/[HCO3-]

Multiplying the two equilibrium constants together gives:

K = K1 * K2

Substituting the given concentrations, we have:

K = [HCO3-][H3O+]/[H2CO3] * [CO32-][H3O+]/[HCO3-]

Simplifying, we get:

K = [H3O+]^2 * [CO32-]/[H2CO3]

So, the correct equilibrium constant for the overall reaction is:

K = [H3O+]^2 * [CO32-]/[H2CO3]
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