Endotherm: An organism that generates heat to maintain a stable body temperature, commonly found in birds and mammals.
Ectotherm: An organism that relies on external sources of heat to maintain body temperature, commonly found in reptiles and amphibians.
ATP: Adenosine triphosphate, a molecule that stores and releases energy for cellular processes.
Glycolysis: The process by which glucose is broken down into pyruvate, releasing a small amount of ATP and NADH.
Electron transport chain: A series of proteins and molecules in the inner mitochondrial membrane that transfers electrons and generates ATP through oxidative phosphorylation.
Chlorophyll: A pigment found in chloroplasts that absorbs light energy for photosynthesis.
The original source of energy for all living things is the sun.
Leaves change color in the fall due to the breakdown of chlorophyll and the production of other pigments.
During the Calvin cycle, carbon dioxide is converted into glucose using ATP and NADPH. It does not require light and takes place in the stroma of chloroplasts.
The energy required for photosynthesis comes from sunlight.
The equation C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6H2O + 6CO2 + Energy represents cellular respiration.
Lactic acid fermentation is the process by which glucose is converted into lactic acid in the absence of oxygen, producing a small amount of ATP.
The Krebs cycle includes the steps of pyruvate decarboxylation, citric acid formation, and the regeneration of the starting molecule. It produces ATP, NADH, and FADH2.
Cellular respiration includes glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, electron transport chain, and oxidative phosphorylation. The reactants and products at each step vary, but overall, glucose is broken down into carbon dioxide and water, releasing ATP.
Glycolysis is started by glucose.
For each molecule of glucose, 6 molecules of oxygen are required for cellular respiration.
ATP can be used to heat up the body by releasing energy as heat during metabolism.