Peppered moths are common insects living in _____________, ______________, and North America. They are small moths, only 1½ to 2½ inches across. Their light wings are “________________” with small dark spots. Predators of the peppered moth include _________________, nuthatches, and the European robin. Like most moths, peppered moths avoid predators that hunt in daylight by ______________ at night and _____________ during the day. Any animal that is sitting still is harder to see than a moving one. Peppered moths have extra _______________________ to help hide them. The trees they live in have light colored bark and are covered with small ________________ called lichens. The pattern on the peppered moth’s wings look very similar to __________________. Peppered moth eggs hatch during mid __________________. Larvae (caterpillars) feed on leaves of birch, willow, and _________ trees. The larvae look much like a small branch. Having a body that looks like a stick helps the larvae hide from ___________________. The larvae can even adjust their color from brown to ___________ to best match the branches they are feeding on. Cold weather is difficult for insects, to avoid death, peppered moth larvae change into pupae (______________) in the winter. In April and May, the pupae open to reveal a new adult __________. These adults will lay eggs and die by the end of the _______________. No peppered moth lives for more than one year. While the typical peppered moth is light, some have _________, almost black bodies. These moths are given the name carbonaria. Others have many more ________ spots than the average peppered moth and are called insularia. In the past, these darker moths were very _________. But that changed around 150 years ago. To find out why, click on IMPACT OF POLLUTION. Pollution and Peppered Moths RS Edleston was an English naturalist who studied insects in the 1800’s. In 1848 he recorded an unusual discovery in his journal. “Today I caught an almost total black form of Biston betularia (______________________) near the centre of Manchester.” This is the first recorded sighting of a _______ peppered moth. What was rare in 1848 became common over the next __________ years. By 1900, the peppered moth populations in areas around English cities were as much as 98% _______ moths. Scientists became curious why this was happening. During that time, England was experiencing what is known as the _______________ ______________. Factories were being built, and they ran by burning _______ for fuel. The result was a dark smoke that covered the surrounding countryside. Trees that had been light and covered by lichens were dark and bare. This clearly was having some impact on the _________. Scientists began to try to find out why. Some thought the adults were changing their _____________ the same way the larvae could match the color of the twigs. Others thought the chemicals in the ____________ darkened the moths. Finally, it was found that the color was __________________. Moths passed their color to the next generation. Eggs from light moths developed into light moths and dark moth eggs turned into dark adults. The dark color was caused by a __________________ in the ________ of a single moth, and the mutated gene had been passed to all its offspring. This explained why the moths were dark, but not why the dark moths were taking over. Did the dark moths have any _______________________ in the dark forests? If so, the change in the moths was a result of __________________ selection. Natural selection was proposed by Charles ___________ to explain how new species evolve. All types of living things have small differences between the individuals in the species. If one of those differences allows the individual to live ______________, they will have more offspring. As that trait is passed on, the species starts to look more like the ____________________ individual. Over time, the species changes. In 1896, JW Tutt suggested that the peppered moths were an example of natural selection. He recognized that the ________________________ of the light moth no longer worked in the dark forest. Dark moths live longer in a dark forest, so they had more time to breed. All living things respond to natural selection. Over 100 other species of moth were observed to ____________ over time in polluted forests. Scientists call the effect Industrial melanism. Natural selection is still at work in the peppered moth. In the last 50 years, most

Question

Peppered moths are common insects living in _____________, ______________, and North America. They are small moths, only 1½ to 2½ inches across. Their light wings are “________________” with small dark spots. Predators of the peppered moth include _________________, nuthatches, and the European robin. Like most moths, peppered moths avoid predators that hunt in daylight by ______________ at night and _____________ during the day. Any animal that is sitting still is harder to see than a moving one. Peppered moths have extra _______________________ to help hide them. The trees they live in have light colored bark and are covered with small ________________ called lichens. The pattern on the peppered moth’s wings look very similar to __________________. Peppered moth eggs hatch during mid __________________. Larvae (caterpillars) feed on leaves of birch, willow, and _________ trees. The larvae look much like a small branch. Having a body that looks like a stick helps the larvae hide from ___________________. The larvae can even adjust their color from brown to ___________ to best match the branches they are feeding on. Cold weather is difficult for insects, to avoid death, peppered moth larvae change into pupae (______________) in the winter. In April and May, the pupae open to reveal a new adult __________. These adults will lay eggs and die by the end of the _______________. No peppered moth lives for more than one year. While the typical peppered moth is light, some have _________, almost black bodies. These moths are given the name carbonaria. Others have many more ________ spots than the average peppered moth and are called insularia. In the past, these darker moths were very _________. But that changed around 150 years ago. To find out why, click on IMPACT OF POLLUTION. Pollution and Peppered Moths RS Edleston was an English naturalist who studied insects in the 1800’s. In 1848 he recorded an unusual discovery in his journal. “Today I caught an almost total black form of Biston betularia (______________________) near the centre of Manchester.” This is the first recorded sighting of a _______ peppered moth. What was rare in 1848 became common over the next __________ years. By 1900, the peppered moth populations in areas around English cities were as much as 98% _______ moths. Scientists became curious why this was happening. During that time, England was experiencing what is known as the _______________   ______________. Factories were being built, and they ran by burning _______ for fuel. The result was a dark smoke that covered the surrounding countryside. Trees that had been light and covered by lichens were dark and bare. This clearly was having some impact on the _________. Scientists began to try to find out why. Some thought the adults were changing their _____________ the same way the larvae could match the color of the twigs. Others thought the chemicals in the ____________ darkened the moths. Finally, it was found that the color was __________________. Moths passed their color to the next generation. Eggs from light moths developed into light moths and dark moth eggs turned into dark adults. The dark color was caused by a __________________ in the ________ of a single moth, and the mutated gene had been passed to all its offspring. This explained why the moths were dark, but not why the dark moths were taking over. Did the dark moths have any _______________________ in the dark forests? If so, the change in the moths was a result of __________________ selection. Natural selection was proposed by Charles ___________ to explain how new species evolve. All types of living things have small differences between the individuals in the species. If one of those differences allows the individual to live ______________, they will have more offspring. As that trait is passed on, the species starts to look more like the ____________________ individual. Over time, the species changes. In 1896, JW Tutt suggested that the peppered moths were an example of natural selection. He recognized that the ________________________ of the light moth no longer worked in the dark forest. Dark moths live longer in a dark forest, so they had more time to breed. All living things respond to natural selection. Over 100 other species of moth were observed to ____________ over time in polluted forests. Scientists call the effect Industrial melanism. Natural selection is still at work in the peppered moth. In the last 50 years, most

GPT 3.5 · Answer

Peppered moths are common insects living in Europe, Asia, and North America. They are small moths, only 1½ to 2½ inches across. Their light wings are “peppered” with small dark spots. Predators of the peppered moth include bats, nuthatches, and the European robin. Like most moths, peppered moths avoid predators that hunt in daylight by hiding at night and resting during the day. Any animal that is sitting still is harder to see than a moving one. Peppered moths have extra camouflage to help hide them. The trees they live in have light colored bark and are covered with small organisms called lichens. The pattern on the peppered moth’s wings look very similar to lichens. Peppered moth eggs hatch during midsummer. Larvae (caterpillars) feed on leaves of birch, willow, and oak trees. The larvae look much like a small branch. Having a body that looks like a stick helps the larvae hide from predators. The larvae can even adjust their color from brown to green to best match the branches they are feeding on. Cold weather is difficult for insects, to avoid death, peppered moth larvae change into pupae (cocoons) in the winter. In April and May, the pupae open to reveal a new adult moth. These adults will lay eggs and die by the end of the summer. No peppered moth lives for more than one year. While the typical peppered moth is light, some have dark, almost black bodies. These moths are given the name carbonaria. Others have many more dark spots than the average peppered moth and are called insularia. In the past, these darker moths were very rare. But that changed around 150 years ago. To find out why, click on IMPACT OF POLLUTION. Pollution and Peppered Moths RS Edleston was an English naturalist who studied insects in the 1800’s. In 1848 he recorded an unusual discovery in his journal. “Today I caught an almost total black form of Biston betularia (peppered moth) near the centre of Manchester.” This is the first recorded sighting of a dark peppered moth. What was rare in 1848 became common over the next 50 years. By 1900, the peppered moth populations in areas around English cities were as much as 98% dark moths. Scientists became curious why this was happening. During that time, England was experiencing what is known as the Industrial Revolution. Factories were being built, and they ran by burning coal for fuel. The result was a dark smoke that covered the surrounding countryside. Trees that had been light and covered by lichens were dark and bare. This clearly was having some impact on the moths. Scientists began to try to find out why. Some thought the adults were changing their colors the same way the larvae could match the color of the twigs. Others thought the chemicals in the pollution darkened the moths. Finally, it was found that the color was genetic. Moths passed their color to the next generation. Eggs from light moths developed into light moths and dark moth eggs turned into dark adults. The dark color was caused by a mutation in the DNA of a single moth, and the mutated gene had been passed to all its offspring. This explained why the moths were dark, but not why the dark moths were taking over. Did the dark moths have any advantage in the dark forests? If so, the change in the moths was a result of natural selection. Natural selection was proposed by Charles Darwin to explain how new species evolve. All types of living things have small differences between the individuals in the species. If one of those differences allows the individual to live longer, they will have more offspring. As that trait is passed on, the species starts to look more like the successful individual. Over time, the species changes. In 1896, JW Tutt suggested that the peppered moths were an example of natural selection. He recognized that the camouflage of the light moth no longer worked in the dark forest. Dark moths live longer in a dark forest, so they had more time to breed. All living things respond to natural selection. Over 100 other species of moth were observed to change over time in polluted forests. Scientists call the effect Industrial melanism. Natural selection is still at work in the peppered moth. In the last 50 years, most populations of peppered moths have returned to being primarily light-colored, as pollution levels decreased in many areas. However, in areas where pollution levels still remain high, dark-colored moth populations still predominate.