Which of these statements best identifies the area of Texas where most Spanish settlements were located during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries?
Most Spanish settlements were located in southeastern Texas, spanning from San Antonio to the present-day boundary of Louisiana.
Most Spanish settlements were located in West Texas, with a smaller number of settlements along the Gulf Coast.
Most Spanish settlements were located in regions that lacked access to the Gulf of Mexico.
Most Spanish settlements were located northwest of San Antonio.
What was one reason shared by Spain and Mexico for settling Texas?
They wanted to prevent France from colonizing Texas.
They wanted to set up a buffer against hostile enemies.
They were searching for legendary cities of gold.
Their farmers and ranchers wanted inexpensive land.
Use the excerpt to answer the question.
“The government lacks the resources to give each soldier enough to sustain [support] him, and this fact has not caused desertion to decrease. On this date 311 men are missing from the . . . division. . . . I have ordered the paymaster . . . to purchase and bring here the 150 loads of flour for the relief . . . of the [soldiers]. . . . I have absolutely nothing on hand . . . and the entire population is in the same unfortunate condition.”
—Antonio Martinez, Spanish Governor of Texas, Letter to General Joaquin Arredondo, June 19, 1820
How can historians use and manage information about the lack of food and other resources mentioned in Governor Martinez’s letter to determine how the Mexican settlement of Texas contrasted from the earlier Spanish settlement of this region?
Mexico abandoned the Spanish plan of building presidios to defend local settlements.
Mexico offered soldiers from the United States Army cheap land to defend the Texas frontier.
Mexico required Tejano settlers to defend themselves against a possible French invasion.
Mexico placed former Spanish missions in Texas under civilian control.
Which of the following statements best describes how Anglo-American cultural attitudes toward the Indigenous people of Texas differed from those of earlier Spanish and Tejano settlers?
Anglo-American settlers established missions and schools to teach Indigenous people in Texas Protestant religions and the English language.
Anglo-American settlers respected the rights of the Indigenous people living in Texas.
Anglo-American settlers had little interest in sharing their culture with the Indigenous people of Texas.
Anglo-American settlers drove Indigenous people away from their settlements in Texas.
Use the excerpt to answer the question.
“[Texas] has advanced at an amazing rate of ruin and destruction. . . . The troops . . . have drained the resources of this country, and laid their hand on everything that could sustain [support] human life.”
—Antonio María Martínez, Governor of Texas
What economically difficult time period does Governor Martínez describe in this passage?
when France threatened Spanish settlements in Texas during the late 1600s
shortly after Mexico won its independence from Spain in 1821
when Spanish conquistadores first entered Texas in search of gold
right before Texas declared its independence from Mexico in 1836
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