Cretinism is a condition that occurs due to an underactive thyroid gland in infancy or early childhood. It is also known as congenital hypothyroidism. The underactive thyroid gland fails to produce enough thyroid hormone, which is essential for normal growth and brain development.
Infants with cretinism may have poor appetite and slow growth. They typically have a swollen face, a protruding tongue, and a large fontanelle (soft spot on the skull). They may also have dry and pale skin, puffiness around the eyes, and a hoarse cry. These babies may also experience developmental delays, intellectual disability, and stunted growth if left untreated.
Cretinism can be diagnosed through newborn screening programs or by measuring thyroid hormone levels in the blood. Treatment involves the administration of synthetic thyroid hormone medication to replace the deficient hormone. Early diagnosis and intervention are crucial to prevent long-term complications and ensure normal growth and development.
Cretinism
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