Question
If the sequence of bases on the mRNA codon is AUU, what would be the sequence of bases on the anticodon of the tRNA?
Answers
GPT 3.5
The sequence of bases on the anticodon of the tRNA is complementary to that of the mRNA codon. In the case of the mRNA codon AUU, the complementary anticodon would be UAA.
Tetracycline is an antibiotic that blocks tRNA from entering the ribosome and associating with mRNA. If tetracycline were added to the cytoplasm of a eukaryotic cell, which types of proteins would be made?
GPT 3.5
If tetracycline blocks tRNA from entering the ribosome and associating with mRNA, protein synthesis would be disrupted. Without tRNA, the ribosome cannot properly translate the mRNA and synthesize proteins. As a result, the cell would not be able to make any proteins. Therefore, no specific types of proteins would be made in the cytoplasm of a eukaryotic cell when tetracycline is added.
Tetracycline is an antibiotic that blocks tRNA from entering the ribosome and associating with mRNA. If tetracycline were added to the cytoplasm of a eukaryotic cell, which types of proteins would be made?
a. No proteins will be made if tRNA cannot bind to mRNA
b. Only proteins that function is the cytoplasm of the cell
c. Only proteins that will be exported outside of the cell
d. Only proteins that will be inserted into a membrane
a. No proteins will be made if tRNA cannot bind to mRNA
b. Only proteins that function is the cytoplasm of the cell
c. Only proteins that will be exported outside of the cell
d. Only proteins that will be inserted into a membrane
GPT 3.5
a. No proteins will be made if tRNA cannot bind to mRNA.
When tetracycline blocks tRNA from entering the ribosome and associating with mRNA, protein synthesis is disrupted. This means that the ribosome will not be able to properly translate the mRNA and synthesize proteins. Without the binding of tRNA to mRNA, the cell will not be able to produce any proteins, regardless of their cellular localization or function. Therefore, the correct answer is a. No proteins will be made if tRNA cannot bind to mRNA.
When tetracycline blocks tRNA from entering the ribosome and associating with mRNA, protein synthesis is disrupted. This means that the ribosome will not be able to properly translate the mRNA and synthesize proteins. Without the binding of tRNA to mRNA, the cell will not be able to produce any proteins, regardless of their cellular localization or function. Therefore, the correct answer is a. No proteins will be made if tRNA cannot bind to mRNA.
How do prokaryotes and eukaryotes differ in how they store genetic material?
a. Eukaryotes have RNA instead of DNA
b. Prokaryotes have RNA instead of DNA
c. Prokaryotes lack a true nucleus
d. Eukaryotes lack a true nucleus
a. Eukaryotes have RNA instead of DNA
b. Prokaryotes have RNA instead of DNA
c. Prokaryotes lack a true nucleus
d. Eukaryotes lack a true nucleus
GPT 3.5
c. Prokaryotes lack a true nucleus.
One major difference between prokaryotes and eukaryotes in how they store genetic material is the presence or absence of a true nucleus. In prokaryotes, such as bacteria, the genetic material, which is typically in the form of DNA, is not enclosed within a membrane-bound nucleus. Instead, it is found in a region called the nucleoid, which is not separated from the cytoplasm by a nuclear membrane. In contrast, eukaryotes, which include animals, plants, fungi, and protists, have their genetic material, consisting of DNA, stored within a membrane-bound nucleus. This compartmentalization allows for more complex regulation and organization of genetic material in eukaryotes. So, the correct answer is c. Prokaryotes lack a true nucleus.
One major difference between prokaryotes and eukaryotes in how they store genetic material is the presence or absence of a true nucleus. In prokaryotes, such as bacteria, the genetic material, which is typically in the form of DNA, is not enclosed within a membrane-bound nucleus. Instead, it is found in a region called the nucleoid, which is not separated from the cytoplasm by a nuclear membrane. In contrast, eukaryotes, which include animals, plants, fungi, and protists, have their genetic material, consisting of DNA, stored within a membrane-bound nucleus. This compartmentalization allows for more complex regulation and organization of genetic material in eukaryotes. So, the correct answer is c. Prokaryotes lack a true nucleus.
What would happen to a cell that lacked smooth endoplasmic reticulum?
GPT 3.5
The smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER) performs several vital functions in a cell, including lipid metabolism, detoxification of drugs and poison, and storage of calcium ions. Therefore, if a cell completely lacked smooth endoplasmic reticulum:
1. Lipid metabolism would be affected: The SER is involved in the synthesis and metabolism of lipids such as phospholipids and steroids. Without the SER, the cell would have difficulty producing and processing lipids, which could impact membrane formation and function.
2. Detoxification would be compromised: The SER plays a crucial role in detoxifying harmful substances, including drugs and various toxins. Without the SER, the cell's ability to detoxify may be impaired, leading to the accumulation of toxic substances.
3. Calcium regulation could be disrupted: The SER controls the storage and release of calcium ions. Without the SER, the cell might have difficulty regulating calcium levels properly, which could impact various cellular processes that rely on calcium signaling, such as muscle contraction and neurotransmitter release.
Overall, the lack of smooth endoplasmic reticulum would have significant consequences on lipid metabolism, detoxification processes, and calcium regulation within the cell.
1. Lipid metabolism would be affected: The SER is involved in the synthesis and metabolism of lipids such as phospholipids and steroids. Without the SER, the cell would have difficulty producing and processing lipids, which could impact membrane formation and function.
2. Detoxification would be compromised: The SER plays a crucial role in detoxifying harmful substances, including drugs and various toxins. Without the SER, the cell's ability to detoxify may be impaired, leading to the accumulation of toxic substances.
3. Calcium regulation could be disrupted: The SER controls the storage and release of calcium ions. Without the SER, the cell might have difficulty regulating calcium levels properly, which could impact various cellular processes that rely on calcium signaling, such as muscle contraction and neurotransmitter release.
Overall, the lack of smooth endoplasmic reticulum would have significant consequences on lipid metabolism, detoxification processes, and calcium regulation within the cell.
What is the relationship between ribosomes and rough endoplasmic reticulum?
GPT 3.5
The relationship between ribosomes and rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) is that ribosomes are attached to the surface of the RER, giving it a "rough" appearance when viewed under a microscope. The ribosomes attached to the RER are called membrane-bound ribosomes or ribosomes associated with the rough endoplasmic reticulum.
This association between ribosomes and the RER is important for protein synthesis and secretion. Ribosomes are responsible for the synthesis of proteins, while the RER plays a critical role in protein folding, modification, and transport. When ribosomes are attached to the RER, they synthesize proteins that are destined to be either inserted into the membranes of the endoplasmic reticulum or for secretion outside the cell.
As the ribosomes synthesize the protein, it enters the RER lumen (the internal space of the RER), where it undergoes various post-translational modifications, such as glycosylation and formation of disulfide bonds. These modifications help in protein folding and quality control. Once the protein has been properly folded and modified in the RER, it may be transported to other cellular compartments, such as the Golgi apparatus, or secreted outside the cell.
In summary, ribosomes are physically associated with the rough endoplasmic reticulum, and this association allows for the synthesis of proteins that are destined for insertion into the endoplasmic reticulum membrane or for secretion outside the cell.
This association between ribosomes and the RER is important for protein synthesis and secretion. Ribosomes are responsible for the synthesis of proteins, while the RER plays a critical role in protein folding, modification, and transport. When ribosomes are attached to the RER, they synthesize proteins that are destined to be either inserted into the membranes of the endoplasmic reticulum or for secretion outside the cell.
As the ribosomes synthesize the protein, it enters the RER lumen (the internal space of the RER), where it undergoes various post-translational modifications, such as glycosylation and formation of disulfide bonds. These modifications help in protein folding and quality control. Once the protein has been properly folded and modified in the RER, it may be transported to other cellular compartments, such as the Golgi apparatus, or secreted outside the cell.
In summary, ribosomes are physically associated with the rough endoplasmic reticulum, and this association allows for the synthesis of proteins that are destined for insertion into the endoplasmic reticulum membrane or for secretion outside the cell.
What is the relationship between ribosomes and rough endoplasmic reticulum?
a. Rough ER is the subunit of ribosomes that makes proteins
b. Ribosomes transport proteins made by rough ER to the Golgi apparatus
c. Ribosomes attached to rough ER make proteins that the rough ER then transports around the cell
d. Rough ER produces the polypeptide chains that ribosomes need to make protein.
a. Rough ER is the subunit of ribosomes that makes proteins
b. Ribosomes transport proteins made by rough ER to the Golgi apparatus
c. Ribosomes attached to rough ER make proteins that the rough ER then transports around the cell
d. Rough ER produces the polypeptide chains that ribosomes need to make protein.
GPT 3.5
c. Ribosomes attached to rough ER make proteins that the rough ER then transports around the cell.
The correct relationship between ribosomes and rough endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is that ribosomes attached to rough ER synthesize proteins that the rough ER then transports around the cell. The rough ER gets its name from the presence of ribosomes attached to its surface, which give it a "rough" appearance under a microscope.
Ribosomes are responsible for protein synthesis. When ribosomes are attached to the rough ER, they synthesize proteins that are destined for various destinations within the cell. As the ribosomes synthesize the protein, it enters the lumen (interior space) of the rough ER. Once in the rough ER lumen, the newly synthesized proteins undergo further processing, folding, and sometimes modification, such as glycosylation, to become functional.
The rough ER then plays a crucial role in transporting these proteins to their appropriate destinations. It can package the proteins into vesicles that bud off from the rough ER membrane. These vesicles then traffic to other cellular compartments, such as the Golgi apparatus, where further processing, sorting, and distribution of the proteins occur.
Therefore, the correct answer is c. Ribosomes attached to rough ER make proteins that the rough ER then transports around the cell.
The correct relationship between ribosomes and rough endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is that ribosomes attached to rough ER synthesize proteins that the rough ER then transports around the cell. The rough ER gets its name from the presence of ribosomes attached to its surface, which give it a "rough" appearance under a microscope.
Ribosomes are responsible for protein synthesis. When ribosomes are attached to the rough ER, they synthesize proteins that are destined for various destinations within the cell. As the ribosomes synthesize the protein, it enters the lumen (interior space) of the rough ER. Once in the rough ER lumen, the newly synthesized proteins undergo further processing, folding, and sometimes modification, such as glycosylation, to become functional.
The rough ER then plays a crucial role in transporting these proteins to their appropriate destinations. It can package the proteins into vesicles that bud off from the rough ER membrane. These vesicles then traffic to other cellular compartments, such as the Golgi apparatus, where further processing, sorting, and distribution of the proteins occur.
Therefore, the correct answer is c. Ribosomes attached to rough ER make proteins that the rough ER then transports around the cell.