To determine the correct chronological order of the key events in the origins of Islam, we need to carefully analyze the information provided in each chart.
Let's compare the timelines provided in each chart:
Chart 1:
570 CE - Muhammad born in Mecca
610 CE - Gabriel visits Muhammad in meditation; Quran is transcribed
613 CE - Muhammad begins preaching his revelations from Allah
622 CE - Muhammad and his followers’ journey from Mecca to Medina, called Hijra
632 CE - Beginning of first Islamic Dynasty, Umayyad Dynasty, which marked the beginning of the Islamic Empire
634 CE - Death of first caliph, Abu Bakr
661 CE - Death of Muhammad and transition of power for first caliph; beginning of Sunni-Shiite split in Islam
1517 CE - Beginning of the Ottoman Empire
Chart 2:
570 CE - Death of first caliph, Abu Bakr
610 CE - Muhammad born in Mecca
613 CE - Gabriel visits Muhammad in meditation; Quran is transcribed
622 CE - Muhammad begins preaching his revelations from Allah
632 CE - Muhammad and his followers' journey from Mecca to Medina, called Hijra
634 CE - Death of Muhammad and transition of power for first caliph; beginning of Sunni-Shiite split in Islam
661 CE - Beginning of first Islamic Dynasty, Umayyad Dynasty, which marked the beginning of the Islamic Empire
1517 CE - Beginning of the Ottoman Empire
Chart 3:
570 CE - Muhammad born in Mecca
610 CE - Gabriel visits Muhammad in meditation; Quran is transcribed
613 CE - Muhammad begins preaching his revelations from Allah
622 CE - Beginning of first Islamic Dynasty, Umayyad Dynasty, which marked the beginning of the Islamic Empire
632 CE - Muhammad and his followers’ journey from Mecca to Medina, called Hijra
634 CE - Death of Muhammad and transition of power for first caliph; beginning of Sunni-Shiite split in Islam
661 CE - Death of first caliph, Abu Bakr
1517 CE - Beginning of the Ottoman Empire
Chart 4:
570 CE - Muhammad born in Mecca
610 CE - Gabriel visits Muhammad in meditation; Quran is transcribed
613 CE - Muhammad begins preaching his revelations from Allah
622 CE - Muhammad and his followers’ journey from Mecca to Medina, called Hijra
632 CE - Death of Muhammad and transition of power for first caliph; beginning of Sunni-Shiite split in Islam
634 CE - Death of first caliph, Abu Bakr
661 CE - Beginning of first Islamic Dynasty, Umayyad Dynasty, which marked the beginning of the Islamic Empire
1517 CE - Beginning of the Ottoman Empire
By comparing the timelines, we can see that the correct chronological order of the events is:
1. 570 CE - Muhammad born in Mecca
2. 610 CE - Gabriel visits Muhammad in meditation; Quran is transcribed
3. 613 CE - Muhammad begins preaching his revelations from Allah
4. 622 CE - Muhammad and his followers’ journey from Mecca to Medina, called Hijra
5. 632 CE - Death of Muhammad and transition of power for the first caliph; beginning of Sunni-Shiite split in Islam
6. 634 CE - Death of the first caliph, Abu Bakr
7. 661 CE - Beginning of the first Islamic Dynasty, Umayyad Dynasty, which marked the beginning of the Islamic Empire
8. 1517 CE - Beginning of the Ottoman Empire
Based on this analysis, the chart from option 3 correctly shows the chronological order of these events.