Earthquakes consist of shock waves, called
waves, that are transmitted directly through the ground.
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The correct term for the shock waves in earthquakes is "seismic waves." These waves are generated by the sudden release of energy in the Earth's crust, usually caused by tectonic plate movements or volcanic activity. Seismic waves can be divided into three main types: primary waves (P-waves), secondary waves (S-waves), and surface waves. P-waves are the fastest and can travel through both solids and liquids. S-waves are slower and can only travel through solids. Surface waves are the slowest but cause the most severe ground shaking as they travel along the Earth's surface.
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