what is the relationship between ribosomes and rough er

Answer 1

The relationship between ribosomes and rough endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is that ribosomes are often attached to the surface of rough ER. This attachment gives the rough ER its name, as the ribosomes create a "rough" texture on the surface of the ER.

Ribosomes are responsible for synthesizing proteins within cells. When ribosomes are attached to the rough ER, they synthesize proteins directly into the ER lumen (the interior of the ER). These newly synthesized proteins then undergo various modifications, such as folding and addition of sugars, as they pass through the rough ER. This process ensures proper protein folding and quality control.

Once proteins are modified in the rough ER, they are typically transported to other parts of the cell or exported out of the cell. The rough ER acts as a site for protein synthesis and processing, while the ribosomes attached to it provide the machinery for protein synthesis.