differences between ordinary and intermediate cells of companion cells in plants

Answer 1

The ordinary cells in plants are regular parenchyma cells that carry out basic metabolic functions, such as photosynthesis, storage, and support. They are not directly involved in transportation or communication processes within the plant.

On the other hand, intermediate cells are specialized parenchyma cells that are directly associated with sieve tube elements, which are part of the phloem tissue responsible for transporting sugars and other metabolites from sources (such as leaves) to sinks (such as roots or developing fruits). Intermediate cells are connected to sieve tube elements via plasmodesmata, which are channels that allow the passage of molecules between cells.

Some key differences between ordinary cells and intermediate cells of companion cells in plants are as follows:

1. Location: Ordinary cells are found throughout the plant body, whereas intermediate cells are specifically located adjacent to the sieve tube elements in the phloem.

2. Function: Ordinary cells have general metabolic functions, whereas intermediate cells have specialized functions related to supporting and regulating the transport of nutrients in the phloem.

3. Structure: Ordinary cells have a normal or regular cellular structure, whereas intermediate cells possess unique features like dense cytoplasm, large nucleus, prominent nucleolus, and specialized organelles to assist in nutrient translocation.

4. Communication: Ordinary cells do not have direct communication channels with the sieve tube elements, whereas intermediate cells are connected to sieve tube elements via plasmodesmata, allowing them to actively participate in nutrient exchange and communication processes in the phloem.

Overall, the key distinction lies in the location, function, structure, and communication abilities of ordinary and intermediate cells. Intermediate cells are specifically adapted and associated with the phloem tissue to facilitate the movement of nutrients, while ordinary cells are more generally involved in basic cellular functions.