To best summarize the main assertion made in the passage, the reader must carefully read and understand the content. The first step is to read the passage thoroughly, paying close attention to the main ideas and arguments presented. The reader should identify the key points and arguments being made. Once the reader has a good understanding of the passage, they can examine the answer options provided and determine which one best captures the main assertion made in the passage.
For the second question about the device used to illustrate the firmness of the author's stance, a similar approach can be followed. The reader should carefully read the passage and identify any devices or techniques used by the author to emphasize their position. Once the reader has a good understanding of the passage and the techniques used, they can examine the answer options provided and select the one that best fits the description of the technique used by the author.