Define motion and the laws of motion with some mathematical example in physics

Answer 1

Motion refers to the change in position of an object with respect to its surroundings over a period of time. It can be described in terms of displacement, velocity, and acceleration.

The laws of motion, formulated by Sir Isaac Newton, describe the relationship between the motion of an object and the forces acting upon it. These laws are fundamental principles in classical physics.

1. Newton's First Law of Motion (Law of Inertia): An object at rest will remain at rest, and an object in motion will continue in motion with a constant velocity unless acted upon by an external force.
Example: If a book is resting on a table, it will remain at rest until an external force, such as someone pushing it, is applied to it.

2. Newton's Second Law of Motion (Law of Acceleration): The acceleration of an object is directly proportional to the net force acting on it and inversely proportional to its mass. The direction of acceleration is the same as the direction of the net force.
Mathematically, this law can be expressed as F = ma, where F is the net force applied to an object, m is its mass, and a is the acceleration produced.
Example: If a person pushes a car with twice the force, the car will experience twice the acceleration. Similarly, if the mass of the car is doubled, the car's acceleration will be halved for the same force applied.

3. Newton's Third Law of Motion (Law of Action-Reaction): For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction. When object A exerts a force on object B, object B exerts an equal and opposite force on object A.
Example: When a person jumps off a boat onto the shore, the person exerts a force on the boat (pushing it backward) and simultaneously experiences a reaction force pushing them forward towards the shore.

These laws of motion provide a framework for understanding and predicting the behavior of objects in motion, and the mathematical equations associated with them allow for quantitative analysis of physical phenomena.