1.1.
Hirschi's Social Bond theory, also known as Social Control theory, suggests that people's behavior is influenced by the strength of their social bonds or relationships with others. According to this theory, individuals are less likely to engage in deviant or criminal behavior when they have strong bonds to society.
1.2.
The four elements of Hirschi's Social Bond theory are attachment, commitment, involvement, and belief.
- Attachment: In the case study, John lacks attachment to his family and does not care about the well-being of his grandmother and siblings. This lack of attachment makes him more susceptible to engaging in deviant behavior.
- Commitment: John does not have a strong commitment to school. He rarely attends classes and does not participate in any recreational activities. This lack of commitment makes him more likely to engage in negative behaviors as he does not have a sense of purpose or responsibility.
- Involvement: Instead of being involved in positive activities, John spends time with other boys who engage in deviant behavior such as vandalizing buildings, smoking, drinking, and causing trouble in the neighborhood. This involvement with negative peer groups further reinforces his deviant behavior.
- Belief: John does not believe in respecting the rights of others or the laws of the country. This lack of belief in social norms and values contributes to his criminal acts of stealing and assaulting.
Overall, the absence of strong social bonds, including attachment, commitment, involvement, and belief, contributes to John's engagement in deviant behavior and his disregard for societal rules and norms.