Art was used in river valley civilizations and classical civilizations primarily as a means of expressing religious and political beliefs, as well as reflecting the social and cultural values of the respective societies.
In river valley civilizations, such as the Mesopotamian, Egyptian, Indus Valley, and Chinese civilizations, art played a significant role in religious practices. Temples and tombs were adorned with intricate sculptures and paintings depicting gods, goddesses, and important religious events. These artworks aimed to appease the gods and ensure a prosperous afterlife for the deceased. Examples include the colossal statues of pharaohs in Egypt and the figurines of deities found at various Mesopotamian sites.
Additionally, art in river valley civilizations often served political purposes. Rulers and monarchs used art to establish their authority and showcase their wealth and power. For instance, the grand statues of rulers in Mesopotamia and the elaborate murals in the palaces of Minoan Crete were intended to demonstrate the ruler's divine and legitimized rule.
In classical civilizations, such as ancient Greece and Rome, art continued to hold religious significance but also took on new forms and purposes. Greek art, for instance, focused heavily on the portrayal of gods and heroes in sculptural forms known as kouroi and korai. These marble statues were placed in temples, commemorating deities and honoring heroes. Similarly, Roman art depicted gods, emperors, and important historical events on public buildings and private residences, emphasizing the divine and political power of the rulers. One iconic example is the Pantheon in Rome.
Moreover, art in classical civilizations increasingly reflected the social and cultural values of the time. Greek art idealized the human body, celebrating physical beauty and athleticism. In contrast, Roman art emphasized realism and the portrayal of everyday life, capturing scenes from the bustling city streets, gladiatorial games, and domestic settings. This shift in artistic style mirrored the changing society and its values.
Overall, art in both river valley and classical civilizations served religious, political, and societal functions, reflecting the beliefs, hierarchies, and aspirations of each respective civilization.
which of the following most fully describes how art was used in river valley civilizations and classical civilizations
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