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In 3–5 sentences, explain how the shape of planetary orbits affects their orbital velocity. Include the proper law of planetary motion as part of your answer.(4 points)
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The shape of planetary orbits plays a significant role in determining their orbital velocity. According to Kepler's second law of planetary motion, also known as the law of equal areas, a planet sweeps out equal areas in equal time intervals while in orbit around the sun. This means that when a planet is closer to the sun (at perihelion), it moves faster, and when it is farther away (at aphelion), it moves slower. Therefore, the more elliptical a planet's orbit is, the more its orbital velocity will vary throughout its orbit.
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