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In 3-5 sentences, explain how the shape of planetary orbits affects their orbital velocity. Include the proper law of planetary motion as part of your answer. (4 points)
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The shape of planetary orbits affects their orbital velocity due to Kepler's Second Law of Planetary Motion, also known as the Law of Areas. According to this law, a line connecting a planet to the Sun sweeps out equal areas in equal intervals of time. In an elliptical orbit, when a planet is closer to the Sun (at perihelion), it covers a larger distance in the same amount of time, resulting in a higher orbital velocity. Conversely, when the planet is farther from the Sun (at aphelion), it covers a smaller distance in the same amount of time, leading to a lower orbital velocity.
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