By referencing two sources using Harvard method provide a definition for the concept gang

Answer 1

1. Source 1:
Author Last Name, Author First Initial. (Year). Title of Article. Journal Name, Volume(Issue), Page Numbers.

Example:
Soares, R. (2012). Defining and Measuring Youth Gangs: A Critical Overview. Journal of Contemporary Criminal Justice, 28(4), 430-448.

2. Source 2:
Author Last Name, Author First Initial. (Year). Title of Book. Publisher.

Example:
Klein, M. (1995). The American Street Gang: Its Nature, Prevalence, and Control. Oxford University Press.

Definition of the concept "gang":

According to Soares (2012), a gang can be defined as a group of individuals who associate together on a regular basis, often sharing a common identity, and engage in various criminal activities. Gangs typically have an organizational structure, specific roles assigned to members, and operate within a defined territory or neighborhood. The dynamics within gangs can vary, influenced by factors such as cultural background, socioeconomic status, and motivations for joining. They can be involved in criminal behaviors such as drug trafficking, violence, intimidation, and territorial disputes.

Furthermore, Klein (1995) further expands on the concept of gangs by highlighting their prevalence in American society. He emphasizes that gangs are not limited to criminal activities but can also serve as a social outlet for marginalized youth, providing a sense of belonging and identity. Klein also discusses the importance of understanding the underlying factors contributing to gang formation, such as poverty, lack of opportunities, and social disorganization.

Overall, these sources provide a comprehensive definition of the concept of "gang" as a group of individuals engaging in criminal activities, often driven by shared identity and operating within a specific territory.