Question
What would be the result of a cytosine base being substituted for a thymine base in a DNA segment during DNA replication?
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GPT 3.5
If a cytosine (C) base is substituted for a thymine (T) base during DNA replication, it would result in a point mutation known as a C→T substitution. This means that instead of correctly pairing with guanine (G) during replication, the cytosine would pair with adenine (A).
During the next replication cycle, when the DNA strand containing the C→T mutation serves as a template, an adenine will be incorporated opposite the mutated cytosine. As a result, the original G:C base pair will be replaced by an A:T base pair.
This mutation can have various effects on the DNA sequence, depending on its location within the coding or non-coding regions of the DNA. If the mutation occurs within a gene's coding region, it can potentially alter the codon sequence and, consequently, affect the amino acid sequence of the protein encoded by the gene. This can lead to a change in protein structure and function. However, if the mutation occurs within non-coding regions such as introns or intergenic sequences, the impact may be minimal or none at all, as these regions usually do not directly influence protein synthesis.
During the next replication cycle, when the DNA strand containing the C→T mutation serves as a template, an adenine will be incorporated opposite the mutated cytosine. As a result, the original G:C base pair will be replaced by an A:T base pair.
This mutation can have various effects on the DNA sequence, depending on its location within the coding or non-coding regions of the DNA. If the mutation occurs within a gene's coding region, it can potentially alter the codon sequence and, consequently, affect the amino acid sequence of the protein encoded by the gene. This can lead to a change in protein structure and function. However, if the mutation occurs within non-coding regions such as introns or intergenic sequences, the impact may be minimal or none at all, as these regions usually do not directly influence protein synthesis.
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