To match each contribution to the theory of universal gravitation with the respective scientist, we can analyze the statements provided.
1. "First proposed the idea that a force of attraction applied to all objects in space"
This contribution refers to the concept of universal gravitation itself. Isaac Newton was responsible for formulating this foundational idea, so the correct match is:
- Isaac Newton
2. "Described the motion of planets around the sun as elliptical"
This statement relates to the study of planetary motion. Johannes Kepler's laws of planetary motion provided a framework for understanding the elliptical paths taken by planets around the sun. Therefore, the correct match is:
- Johannes Kepler
3. "Used mathematics to prove that gravity increases with decreasing distance between objects"
This contribution relates to the mathematical understanding and proof of how gravity varies based on the distance between objects. Robert Hooke made significant contributions to understanding gravity, including the inverse square law of gravitational attraction, which states that gravity increases as the distance between objects decreases. Thus, the correct match is:
- Robert Hooke
Matching contribution to scientist:
- First proposed the idea that a force of attraction applied to all objects in space: Isaac Newton
- Described the motion of planets around the sun as elliptical: Johannes Kepler
- Used mathematics to prove that gravity increases with decreasing distance between objects: Robert Hooke