Retrograde motion refers to the apparent backward motion of a planet in its orbit as observed from Earth. It occurs when Earth passes by a slower-moving outer planet, causing the outer planet to appear to move in the opposite direction for a period of time.
The difference between apparent and actual retrograde motion is that apparent retrograde motion is the perceived backward motion of a planet as observed from Earth, while actual retrograde motion is the temporary reversal of a planet's orbital motion as it moves around the Sun. Apparent retrograde motion is an optical illusion caused by the relative positions and speeds of Earth and the planet in question, while actual retrograde motion is a real phenomenon caused by the interactions of gravitational forces between celestial bodies.
Objects in Motion
The Sun shines over the North American continent and the Pacific Ocean (left side of the Earth) while the South American continent and the Atlantic Ocean (right side of the Earth) are in the dark.
An object moving in space, such as a moon or planet, is acted on by gravity. For an object in orbit around a central body, the force of gravity between the two depends on the mass of the orbiting object, the mass of the central body, and the distance between them.
This relationship is described by Newton’s law of universal gravitation. When considering planets or moons in orbit, the masses of the orbiting object and the central body are fixed, while the distance between them can change. As the two objects draw closer together, the force between them increases. This increase in force increases the speed of the moving object. As the objects move apart, the force between them decreases. This decrease in force leads to a decrease in speed.
What does elliptical motion look like to an observer carried along on another body exhibiting elliptical motion? The blog post gives an example of a kinesthetic model that can help you visualize motion in a different frame of reference. As you read, answer the following questions:
What is retrograde motion?
What is the difference between apparent and actual retrograde motion?
Astronomy Explorations
Answer
Cross Connections: Systems and System Models
The solar system consists of the sun and all the objects in orbit around it. These include the planets and their moons, asteroids, comets, and very thin gas called the interplanetary medium. Gravity is the underlying force connecting all these objects into a unified whole.
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You're welcome! If you have any more questions, feel free to ask.
Which area of astronomy does Kepler's laws address?(1 point)
Responses
The movement of planets within the solar system.
The movement of planets within the solar system.
The movement of the sun in relation to the planets.
The movement of the sun in relation to the planets.
The movement of stars within galaxies.
The movement of stars within galaxies.
The movement of asteroids in the solar system.
Responses
The movement of planets within the solar system.
The movement of planets within the solar system.
The movement of the sun in relation to the planets.
The movement of the sun in relation to the planets.
The movement of stars within galaxies.
The movement of stars within galaxies.
The movement of asteroids in the solar system.
The correct answer is: The movement of planets within the solar system.
elect the correct answer from the list.(1 point)
When an object slows down and deviates from its expected orbit, this indicates that it is being
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by
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force due to another object.
When an object slows down and deviates from its expected orbit, this indicates that it is being
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by
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force due to another object.
The correct answer is: When an object slows down and deviates from its expected orbit, this indicates that it is being pulled by a gravitational force due to another object.
Orbits of Planetary Bodies Quick Check
3 of 53 of 5 Items
Question
Select the correct answer from the list.(1 point)
As a planet draws away from the sun in its orbit, the force between the sun and the planet
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and the planet's speed
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.
3 of 53 of 5 Items
Question
Select the correct answer from the list.(1 point)
As a planet draws away from the sun in its orbit, the force between the sun and the planet
Select Answer
and the planet's speed
Select Answer
.
The correct answer is: As a planet draws away from the sun in its orbit, the force between the sun and the planet decreases and the planet's speed decreases.
Which of these describe the speed of a moon as it draws closer to the planet it orbits?(1 point)
Responses
The speed of the moon increases.
The speed of the moon increases.
The speed of the moon creates an elliptical pattern.
The speed of the moon creates an elliptical pattern.
The speed of the moon decreases.
The speed of the moon decreases.
The speed of the moon remains constant.
Responses
The speed of the moon increases.
The speed of the moon increases.
The speed of the moon creates an elliptical pattern.
The speed of the moon creates an elliptical pattern.
The speed of the moon decreases.
The speed of the moon decreases.
The speed of the moon remains constant.
The correct answer is: The speed of the moon increases.
The formulation of Kepler's Laws of Planetary Motion relied on the data and observations of which scientist other than Kepler? (1 point)
Responses
Isaac Newton
Isaac Newton
Galileo Galilei
Galileo Galilei
Tycho Brahe
Tycho Brahe
Nicolaus Copernicus
Responses
Isaac Newton
Isaac Newton
Galileo Galilei
Galileo Galilei
Tycho Brahe
Tycho Brahe
Nicolaus Copernicus
The correct answer is: Tycho Brahe.