Why was the Copernican model a controversial proposition? Select the three correct answers.(2 points)

It contradicted religious doctrine of the time.

It demoted Earth to just another planet.
It contradicted established scientific understanding.

Which of the eight planets in the solar system has the most elliptical orbit?(1 point)

Responses

Mars
Mars

Mercury
Mercury

Earth
Earth

Venus

Mercury

Which statement about the development of Newton's theory of universal gravitation is correct?(1 point)

Responses

The ideas of scientists such as Nicolaus Copernicus and Robert Hooke contradicted Newton's theory of universal gravitation.
The ideas of scientists such as Nicolaus Copernicus and Robert Hooke contradicted Newton's theory of universal gravitation.

Isaac Newton described the existence of gravitational force mathematically, but he built upon the ideas of other scientists before him.
Isaac Newton described the existence of gravitational force mathematically, but he built upon the ideas of other scientists before him.

Isaac Newton was the first scientist to propose the idea that gravity increases as distance between objects decreases.
Isaac Newton was the first scientist to propose the idea that gravity increases as distance between objects decreases.

Johannes Kepler and Isaac Newton worked together to define gravity as a force on Earth.

Isaac Newton described the existence of gravitational force mathematically, but he built upon the ideas of other scientists before him.

Select the correct answer to complete the sentence. Gravitational force is said to be universal because:(1 point)

Responses

it applies to all objects.
it applies to all objects.

it operates in one direction.
it operates in one direction.

it operates only within our solar system.
it operates only within our solar system.

it applies mainly to planets and moons.

it applies to all objects.

Why does the speed of a planet decrease as it moves away from the sun?(1 point)

Responses

The planet’s inertia begins to point backward along its orbit.
The planet’s inertia begins to point backward along its orbit.

The sun’s gravitational pull on the sun decreases.
The sun’s gravitational pull on the sun decreases.

The planet’s inertia begins to point inward toward the sun.
The planet’s inertia begins to point inward toward the sun.

The direction of the sun’s pull relative to the planet’s motion changes.

The direction of the sun’s pull relative to the planet’s motion changes.

The three correct answers for why the Copernican model was a controversial proposition are:

1. It contradicted religious doctrine of the time.
The Copernican model proposed that the Earth was not the center of the universe, which contradicted the prevailing religious belief that Earth was the central and most important celestial body in the universe. This challenge to religious doctrine created significant controversy and opposition.

2. It demoted Earth to just another planet.
The Copernican model portrayed Earth as just one of several planets orbiting the Sun, rather than being the center of the universe. This concept of Earth being just another planet was seen as a reduction in Earth's significance, contradicting the notion of human exceptionalism.

3. It contradicted established scientific understanding.
At the time, the geocentric model, with Earth at the center, was the widely accepted scientific view. The Copernican heliocentric model challenged this understanding and contradicted established scientific beliefs, leading to controversy and skepticism from scientists and other scholars.