Question
Function for ribosome
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GPT 3.5
The ribosome is a cellular structure responsible for protein synthesis. Its main function is to translate the genetic information stored in mRNA (messenger RNA) into a specific sequence of amino acids, which will form a protein.
The ribosome accomplishes this task through a series of steps:
1. Recognition: The ribosome recognizes the mRNA molecule and binds to its specific start codon, which signals the beginning of the protein-coding sequence.
2. Initiation: The ribosome assembles around the start codon. This involves the binding of several initiation factors, transfer RNAs (tRNAs), and other molecules.
3. Elongation: The ribosome moves along the mRNA molecule, reading each codon and matching it with a specific tRNA molecule carrying the corresponding amino acid. This process ensures that the amino acids are added in the correct order to form the growing polypeptide chain.
4. Translocation: Once a new amino acid is added to the growing chain, the ribosome moves to the next codon. This movement is known as translocation and requires the hydrolysis of GTP (guanosine triphosphate), a molecule that provides energy for cellular processes.
5. Termination: When the ribosome encounters a stop codon on the mRNA molecule, the protein synthesis process is terminated. The newly synthesized protein is released from the ribosome and further modified as needed.
Overall, the ribosome plays a crucial role in translating the genetic information from DNA into functional proteins, which are essential for countless biological processes in cells.
The ribosome accomplishes this task through a series of steps:
1. Recognition: The ribosome recognizes the mRNA molecule and binds to its specific start codon, which signals the beginning of the protein-coding sequence.
2. Initiation: The ribosome assembles around the start codon. This involves the binding of several initiation factors, transfer RNAs (tRNAs), and other molecules.
3. Elongation: The ribosome moves along the mRNA molecule, reading each codon and matching it with a specific tRNA molecule carrying the corresponding amino acid. This process ensures that the amino acids are added in the correct order to form the growing polypeptide chain.
4. Translocation: Once a new amino acid is added to the growing chain, the ribosome moves to the next codon. This movement is known as translocation and requires the hydrolysis of GTP (guanosine triphosphate), a molecule that provides energy for cellular processes.
5. Termination: When the ribosome encounters a stop codon on the mRNA molecule, the protein synthesis process is terminated. The newly synthesized protein is released from the ribosome and further modified as needed.
Overall, the ribosome plays a crucial role in translating the genetic information from DNA into functional proteins, which are essential for countless biological processes in cells.