The following organelles are involved in the pathway of root cells to obtain energy:
1. Mitochondria: Root cells contain numerous mitochondria responsible for producing ATP (adenosine triphosphate), which is the energy currency of the cell. Through cellular respiration, mitochondria convert glucose and oxygen into ATP molecules.
2. Chloroplasts (in some root cells): In the presence of sunlight, chloroplasts in some specialized root cells conduct photosynthesis. These organelles convert solar energy into chemical energy in the form of glucose, which is used by mitochondria to produce ATP.
3. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER): Root cells have both rough and smooth endoplasmic reticulum. Rough ER is involved in protein synthesis, which is necessary for various cellular functions, including energy production. Smooth ER is involved in lipid metabolism and membrane synthesis.
4. Golgi apparatus: The Golgi apparatus modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and lipids produced by the ER. It plays a role in the proper secretion of enzymes and hormones involved in energy metabolism.
5. Vacuoles: Root cells contain vacuoles that store water, nutrients, and waste products. These vacuoles maintain turgor pressure, essential for proper water and nutrient uptake by the roots.
6. Nucleus: The nucleus houses genetic material and controls cellular activities, including the expression of various genes involved in energy production pathways.
7. Ribosomes: Ribosomes are responsible for protein synthesis. They translate genetic information from the nucleus and synthesize proteins necessary for energy metabolism.
8. Peroxisomes: Peroxisomes are involved in the breakdown of fatty acids and peroxide detoxification. Fatty acids can be used as an energy source in root cells.
These organelles work together to ensure the availability and generation of energy for the metabolic processes essential for root cell functioning and growth.
What organelles are involved when the pathway of root cells obtain energy
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