1. Biological perspective: This perspective focuses on how biological factors, such as genetics and neurochemical imbalances, influence human behavior and mental processes. It emphasizes the role of the brain and the nervous system in shaping human experiences.
2. Cognitive perspective: The cognitive perspective looks at how our thinking processes, including perception, memory, attention, and problem-solving, influence behavior. It emphasizes the role of cognition in understanding and explaining human behavior.
3. Behavioral perspective: The behavioral perspective examines how external stimuli and environmental factors shape behavior. It emphasizes the role of conditioning and learning in shaping human behavior and focuses on observable and measurable behaviors.
4. Psychodynamic perspective: The psychodynamic perspective, developed by Sigmund Freud, focuses on the role of unconscious desires, conflicts, and childhood experiences in shaping behavior and mental processes. It emphasizes the influence of early childhood experiences and the interplay between the conscious and unconscious mind.
5. Sociocultural perspective: The sociocultural perspective looks at how social and cultural factors influence behavior and mental processes. It emphasizes the role of cultural norms, social influences, and societal expectations in shaping human behavior and highlights the importance of understanding the context in which behavior occurs.
The five basic perspectives that comprise psychological theory are
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