Yes, those were some of the common occupations in ancient Egypt throughout the Old, Middle, and New Kingdoms. Here is some information about each of these roles:
1. Priest: In ancient Egypt, religion played a central role in people's lives. Priests were responsible for maintaining and administering religious rituals and ceremonies in temples, where they worshiped various deities and performed offerings. They were also involved in the daily rituals regarding the pharaoh's divine status and were considered an integral part of maintaining Ma'at (the concept of order, balance, and justice in the world).
2. Merchant Trader: Egypt was an economically prosperous civilization due to its geographic location as a trade hub between Africa, Asia, and Europe. Merchant traders played a crucial role in transporting goods along the Nile River and the Red Sea, participating in both domestic and international trade. They exchanged commodities such as precious metals, spices, textiles, food, and luxury items.
3. Farmer: Agriculture was the backbone of the Egyptian society and economy. The majority of the population worked as farmers, cultivating crops along the fertile banks of the Nile River. They focused on growing staple crops like wheat, barley, flax, and vegetables. Farmers benefited from an advanced irrigation system and seasonal Nile flooding, which provided nutrient-rich silt to enhance agricultural production.
4. Scribe: Scribes were highly regarded individuals who held positions in government, religious organizations, and the royal court. They were responsible for writing and maintaining records, documenting legal transactions, managing administrative tasks, and recording important events such as historical narratives, prayers, and magical spells. Scribe training was rigorous, and it required several years of education. Scribes enjoyed a higher social status and often held positions of influence and power.
These were some of the prominent occupations during ancient Egypt's Old, Middle, and New Kingdoms, although there were other professions as well, including craftsmen, soldiers, architects, and physicians.