he Romans used a system known as a republic. The populace elected representatives to work in the Senate and four assemblies. Unlike the Greeks, the Romans voted in groups instead of as individuals, and only the wealthy upper-class citizens were allowed to hold government positions.

Answer 1

The Roman republic was a political system that was established around 509 BCE and lasted until 27 BCE when Augustus became the first Roman Emperor. In this system, power was divided among different institutions and officials, and the populace had a role in electing representatives to these institutions.

The Senate was a central institution in the Roman republic. It consisted of around 300 members who were primarily aristocrats from wealthy families. Senators were elected by a small group of wealthy citizens, and they held their positions for life. The Senate had significant influence over decision-making, legislation, and foreign policy.

In addition to the Senate, there were four assemblies in the Roman republic. These assemblies included the Centuriate Assembly, the Tribal Assembly, the Plebeian Council, and the Council of the Plebs. The Centuriate Assembly, which was the most important, divided citizens into groups based on wealth and military service. Each group, or centuria, had one vote, and the wealthier citizens occupied a larger number of centuriae, giving them a greater influence in the assembly's decisions.

Unlike the ancient Greeks, who generally voted individually, the Romans voted in groups based on their social and economic status. This allowed the upper class to have a greater say in political matters, as they held more centuriae and thus more voting power in the assemblies. The wealthy citizens were also the ones allowed to hold government positions, ensuring that the ruling class maintained control over the Roman republic.

While the Roman republic had some democratic aspects, such as the participation of citizens in assemblies and the election of officials, it was fundamentally an oligarchic system where political power was concentrated in the hands of the wealthy elite. This system eventually paved the way for the transformation of Rome into the Roman Empire, with centralized power and the emperors assuming control over the government.